Programming in C Theory and Lab EST 102 for KTU 2019 Scheme- Dr Binu V P

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE A program is needed to instruct the computer about the way a task is to be performed. The instructions in a program have three essential parts: 1. Instructions to accept the input data that needs to be processed, 2. Instructions that will act upon the input data and process it, and 3. Instructions to provide the output to user The instructions in a program are defined in a specific sequence. Writing a computer program is not a straightforward task. A person who writes the program (computer programmer) has to follow the Program Development Life Cycle. Let’s now discuss the steps that are followed by the programmer for writing a program:  Problem Analysis —The programmer first understands the problem to be solved. The programmer determines the various ways in which the problem can be solved, and decides upon a single solution which will be followed to solve the problem. Program Design —The selected solution is represented in a form, so that it can be coded.

Structured programming (sometimes known as modular programming) is a programming paradigm that facilitates the creation of programs with readable code and reusable components. All modern programming languages support structured programming, but the mechanisms of support, like the syntax of the programming languages, varies. Structured programming will make extensive use of the structured control flow constructs of selection (if/then/else) and repetition (while and for), block structures, and subroutines. Elements Control structures Following the structured program theorem, all programs are seen as composed of control structures: "Sequence"; ordered statements or subroutines executed in sequence. "Selection"; one or a number of statements is executed depending on the state of the program. This is usually expressed with keywords such as if..then..else..endif. The conditional statement should have at least one true condition and each condition should have one exit poi