Programming in C Theory and Lab EST 102 for KTU 2019 Scheme- Dr Binu V P

TYPES OF SOFTWARE Software can be broadly classified in two categories: 1. System Software, and 2. Application Software. System software provides the basic functions that are performed by the computer. It is necessary for the functioning of a computer. Application software is used by the users to perform specific tasks. The user may choose the appropriate application software, for performing a specific task, which provides the desired functionality. The system software interacts with hardware at one end and with application software at the other end. The application software interacts with the system software and the users of the computer. Figure below shows the hierarchy of software, hardware and users. System software provides basic functionality to the computer. System software is required for the working of computer itself ( operating system). The system software would also include different device drivers. When you request for using any of the devices, the corresponding device dri

 C PROGRAMMING LAB (Practical part of EST 102, Programming in C) Assessment Method: The Academic Assessment for the Programming lab should be done internally by the College. The assessment shall be made on 50 marks and the mark is divided as follows: Practical Records/Outputs - 20 marks (internal by the College),  Regular Lab Viva - 5 marks (internal by the College),  Final Practical Exam – 25 marks (internal by the College). The mark obtained out of 50 will be converted into equivalent proportion out of 20 for CIE computation. LIST OF LAB EXPERIMENTS 1. Familiarization of Hardware Components of a Computer 2. Familiarization of Linux environment – How to do Programming in C with Linux 3. Familiarization of console I/O and operators in C i) Display “Hello World” ii) Read two numbers, add them and display their sum iii) Read the radius of a circle, calculate its area and display it iv)Evaluate the arithmetic expression ((a -b / c * d + e) * (f +g)) and display its solution.Read the value

I.Algorithm Algorithm is an ordered sequence of finite, well defined, unambiguous instructions for completing a task. Algorithm is an English-like representation of the logic which is used to solve the problem. It is a step- by-step procedure for solving a task or a problem. The steps must be ordered, unambiguous and finite in number. For accomplishing a particular task, different algorithms can be written. The different algorithms differ in their requirements of time and space. The programmer selects the best-suited algorithm for the given task to be solved. (Note :The word  algorithm  is derived from the name of the 9th-century Persian mathematician  Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī , whose  nisba  (identifying him as from  Khwarazm ) was Latinized  as Algoritmi ( Arabized   Persian  الخوارزمی c. 780–850). [14] [15]   Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī  was a mathematician,  astronomer ,  geographer , and scholar in the  House of Wisdom  in  Baghdad , whose name means 'the native of  K

 SYLLABUS Programming in C (Common to all disciplines) Module 1  Basics of Computer Hardware and Software Basics of Computer Architecture: processor, Memory, Input& Output devices Application Software & System software: Compilers, interpreters, High level and low level languages Introduction to structured approach to programming, Flow chart Algorithms, Pseudo code (bubble sort, linear search - algorithms and pseudocode) Module 2  Program Basics Basic structure of C program: Character set, Tokens, Identifiers in C, Variables and Data Types , Constants, Console IO Operations, printf and scanf Operators and Expressions: Expressions and Arithmetic Operators, Relational and Logical Operators, Conditional operator, size of operator, Assignment operators and Bitwise Operators. Operators Precedence Control Flow Statements: If Statement, Switch Statement, Unconditional Branching using goto statement, While Loop, Do While Loop, For Loop, Break and Continue statements.(Simple programs cov

 

We can write one loop inside another loop.A loop within another loop is called a nested loop. In C programming, nested loops are loops that are placed inside another loop. This allows you to repeat a set of instructions multiple times, and inside each iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop completes its full iteration. Nested loops are useful when you need to perform repetitive tasks within repetitive tasks. The following is the syntax of writing one for loop inside another for loop.There is no rule that a loop must be nested inside its own type. In fact, there can be any type of loop nested inside any type and to any level. Each inner (nested) loop must be completely embedded within an outer loop, the loops cannot overlap.Here for each iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop keep executing completely. Nesting of for loop for ( initialization; condition; increment )  {       for ( initialization; condition; increment )       { // statement of inside loop       }       // state

An infinite loop is a looping construct that does not terminate and executes the loop forever. It is also called an indefinite loop or an endless loop . It either produces a continuous output or no output. When to use an infinite loop An infinite loop is useful for those applications that accept the user input and generate the output continuously until the user exits from the application manually.  In the following situations, this type of loop can be used: All the operating systems run in an infinite loop as it does not exist after performing some task. It comes out of an infinite loop only when the user manually shuts down the system. All the servers run in an infinite loop as the server responds to all the client requests. It comes out of an indefinite loop only when the administrator shuts down the server manually. All the games also run in an infinite loop. The game will accept the user requests until the user exits from the game. We can create an infinite loop through various lo

break Statement The break statement is used with in switch statement to transfer program control out of switch statement after executing a set  of statements mentioned in a particular case. break statement can also be used in looping statements to transfer program control out of the loop. This will help to terminate a loop when a particular condition is met. Example: This program will check whether the given number contain digit 0.It is noted  that when the number contain first 0, we can stop doing the process and print that the number contains 0.There is no point in continuing the loop and hence computation time can be saved. #include <stdio.h> main()  {     int n,digit;     printf("Enter an integer: ");     scanf("%d", &n);     while (n != 0) {         digit= n % 10;           n = n/10;         if (digit==0) {                printf("number contains 0\n");                       break;                       }           }      } o/p Enter an in

Loops are used in programming to repeat a specific block of statements until some end condition is met.    Types of Loops in C Depending upon the position of a control statement in a program, looping in C is classified into two types:   1. Entry controlled loop 2. Exit controlled loop In an entry control loop in C, a condition is checked before executing the body of a loop. It is also called as a pre-checking loop. In an exit controlled loop , a condition is checked after executing the body of a loop. It is also called as a post-checking loop. The control conditions must be well defined and specified otherwise the loop will execute an infinite number of times. The loop that does not stop executing and processes the statements number of times is called as an infinite loop . An infinite loop is also called as an " Endless loop ."   There are three looping statements in C programming: while loop ( entry controlled) do...while loop ( exit controlled) for loop ( entry control